Thames Sailing Barges
So much information. Anything I say is based on what I have found after building several model sailing barges as well as a couple of auxiliaries and motor barges In my youth, when sailing barges still earned a living carrying cargo, I spent years as mate and skipper.
Generic barge or scale model, who cares, most real barges were built by eye, very few were actually designed on paper, some were built from a carved half model. Performance varied enormously. Of the plans of model barges extant today, Celia Jane is renowned for being a poor sailer. As far as fitting a motor is concerned, some modellers do, some don't. Real sailing barges didn't have motors until roughly post war when it became popular to fit an engine, after that, the barge was rarely sailed. Some just had the mizzen removed, some had the topmast and topsail taken away. Didn't matter , a sail was rarely used. Pure sail was still in use into and after the 'fifties, in 1954, there were about thirty still trading under sail alone. Cargo carrying, my little Nellie carried about 100 tons of cargo, she was about as small as they get apart from some specially built barges, such as Lady of the Lea or Cygnet. Most barges carried about 120 to 150 tons. Goldsmiths built some 180 and 200 tonners in steel, then Everards had their four steel 300 ton barges.(One of which, the Will is still with us) There were a few 180 ton wooden barges, the Beryl of Faversham for one, I was mate on her for two years.
Sheeting the sails. On a full size barge the foresail was sheeted with a chain to a horse going right across the fore part of the barge, just afore the mast. It was not adjustable.It went across the barge to the side on which it filled. When tacking, the mate held the sail to windward in order to help blow her head round . I make my models the same way, the sail just blows across to the correct side when tacking.The main sheet comes from the clew of the sail through two large blocks to ring on the horse, again this goes all across the barge abaft the main hatch. This also controls the topsail. Also controlling the main and topsail is the vang, pronounced wang, which is a wire going from the end of the sprit on both sides, down to a tackle on both sides of the barge. This allows the sprit to be eased off when running and hauled in when tacking. In a model barge most people combine the falls from vang and mainsheet into one, so that only one servo is needed. I have found that a servo with an arm works quite well, though many use a drum winch. The mizzen is of little use as a driving sail, the sheet goes down to the rudder and it is mainly used as an aid to steering when tacking.
Many people build models plank on frame, but often using balsa carved to shape for the two ends. There are also a number of fibreglass hulls on the market, a firm called Mastman are good suppliers and make hulls for a number of named barges. I found their James Piper to be very successful.
Sails. If the sails look crinkly, they have been badly cut, set properly, a barges sails are as flat as on any yacht. I make mine out of polycotton, which is readily available in a number of shades on E bay. Many people use cotton then die it.. All the sails on a barge would be the same colour brown, except the staysail which was a light weather sail left undressed, so white. New sails were left white for a year or two before being dressed. Topsails very often had either the owners badge or name painted on or sometimes advertising.
Steering. The usual thing is to build an arm out to one side from the top of the rudder and connect with a rod to an arm on the steering servo. You can use an arm on both sides. Both work well.
Keels. A barge has a flat bottom with leeboards to prevent making leeway (being blown sideways). She will sail well loaded or empty. A model is not like that. People have tried to sail models ballasting the hull and using leeboards. It doesn't work. You need a keel. Weight, about 6 or 8 pounds in a 42" barge. bulb and fin works, but a fibreglass moulded keel filled with lead is good. These are available from a small firm called Mastman, who also make fibreglass hulls and a wide range of fittings that are only found on barges. Their email is ktinklin1592@yahoo.com
If you are building a model barge, I suggest you look at as many pictures of barges as possible or if you live somewhere on the East Coast, go and look at the real thing. they are dotted around, there are always some on Maldon Quay, Ipswich dock, Iron Wharf, Faversham are the traditional home for others. If you are really interested, join the Thames Sailing Barge Trust., they , like many other barge owners, take passengers on trips ranging from half days to a week on my old command, Centaur, now 127 years old and still going strong.
Best of luck.
Nerys
When the winds before the rain, soon you may make sail again, but when the rain's before the wind, tops'l sheets and halyards mind