Manovering under sail taking the stern of the ship yatch or dinghy is in fact called gybing in small boat sailing
However, the correct term is call wearing ship !!
The purists will say a gybe is an uncontrolled wear.
First time I came across this term was when sailing a montegue whaler many many years ago

Well you are both correct on the name of the sail it is most definitely the Spanker - normally has top sail above it
This sail is as Nick points out is sometimes call a driver as on some ships it can be a very big powerful sail.
This sail becomes very important when manoeuvring under sail alone

Please reread because I have made some translation changes (it's hard for me) in the meantime.

Hi Nick (also applies to Pat), yes yes very good, I really think that "spanker" is the correct term to translate "randa". This type of trapezoidal sail takes the name of "mainsail" in gaff rigs (such as schooners, for example), where there are no square sails.


As for the jibe (or jibing), I agree with you that it is the correct answer but we italians distinguish between two terms: "abbattuta" and "strambata" (unfortunately in English they are translated in the same way by Google).

By "abbattuta" [voluntary jib] we mean the change of tack passing through the downwind gait (running). So from the slack on port tack to the slack on starboard tack. In this case the mainsail is hauled in and brought back to the center and the jib is hauled in before passing it to the other side.

By "strambata" [involuntary gybe] instead we mean an involuntary jibe (very dangerous) in which the boom suddenly passes from one side to the other because it was not previously held by hauling in the sheet.

A "virata" [tack ?] instead is a change of tack that passes through the dead angle, therefore from a close-hauled gait on port tack to a close-hauled gait on starboard tack (or vice versa).

When we change direction, without changing tack, we use the terms "orzare" ["luff" ?] and "poggiare" ["bear away" ?].

We luff when we bring the bow closer to the direction of the wind (we pull the wind and in this case we haul in the sails). For example, we luff when we go from downwind to broad reach, from broad reach to beam reach, from beam reach to upwind-close hauled (without changing tack)..

We bear away when we move the bow away from the direction of the wind (in this case we loosen the sails). For example, you bear away by going from a bowline (close hauled) to a beam reach, from a beam reach to a reach and from a reach to a stern reach (without changing tacks).

Well it looks as though ex HMS Bristol is off Santiago on her way to Turkey

Hi Nick

1. Right one wrong - BTW it's gybing !!!!

I did give you a clue by saying think big ship stuff

Hi Alessandro

Yes the sail I am talking about is the one pointed towards in the first two pictures and as far as I am aware it has the same name despite the rig of the ship and the number of mast - that is assuming it has some form of square sails
Sorry obviously i have not got a clue what it would be 9n Italian but when you post an answer I will try Google Translate - please forgive my inadequacies.
Good luck

Part 2 gibing, hence the sudden movement of the boom that can alter your haircut if you haven't got your wits about.
Part 1, I am guessing Spanker aka driver...

I will answer the last question first as it’s easiest - I mean to change tack - ie change the side of the ship the wind is blowing onto by taking the stern of the ship through the wind
Just going for dinner so will answer the other half in a short while

Hi Pat, in relation to your questions, I ask you for some clarifications:

a. Is the rig a classic three-masted ship rig (foremast, mainmast and mizzen)? So we exclude, brigantines, schooners, brigantine-schooners, barques, ships with more than three masts, etc. etc.?

b. Which sail do you mean at the stern?
In Italy the last sail aft on the mizzen mast is a "randa" but I don't know how you translate it (some time ago there was a discussion about it, without certain outcomes, but only many different opinions).
I mean the one in the first figure and the second one I inserted. Is this the one you mean?
At the bow instead there are three triangular sails that we call "fiocchi", more precisely: "fiocco", "controfiocco" and "trinchettina" (possibly also the "granfiocco"). In short, those with the tack angle on the bowsprit.
I don't know if you mean those (figure three).

Do you mean maneuver or points of sailing? With the wind at your back you call it a "run", it forms 180 degrees to the direction of the wind (figure four and five).

Here is a handy web site if anyone wants to go exploring 😁

https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/calculators/magcalc.shtml

Nick think a bigger vessel than a dinghy lol

Pat, I know. In part 2 you need to mind your head on the boom! I will wait awhile before answering proper..

Hi Alessandro. I am pleased I got it right without having to Google it. I just remembered a BBC programme, many moons ago actually showing it while at the pole. It might have been David Attenborough but not sure. It was just lurking in the back of my mind, which is full of all sorts of useless junk. According to my wife, so is my garage workshop 😂

My question of the day - a two part question -

a. What is the large fore and aft sail called on the after mast of a square rigger called.
b. What is the Correct term for for maneuvering a sailing vessel taking the stern through the wind

Alessandro I wished I could speak Italian as well as you speak English 😀😀😀

"I know why but you would take away the pleasure of guessing from someone else. Let's wait a bit."
That's why I posed a question instead of giving it away Alessandro.
Curious as to what answers we will get.😉
Ciao, Doug😎

Hi Doug, very right.
I know why but you would take away the pleasure of guessing from someone else. Let's wait a bit.

Excuse this:
""""P.S. the bear did not eat the ant """"
I didn't understand it.

Hi Pat, thanks for the reply.
It wasn't to be right. Since this is an English language site (mostly visited by members of English speaking nations) I have an interest and pleasure in learning the correct terms. The technical ones are distorted by normal translators.

So I am down to 6th position today having got today’s question wrong with 5 other people 😭😭😭😭

Alessandro's bear is white of course😁
So now my question is:
Explain why.

Prof Jim Al Kalali demonstrated it well in a Geo documentary😉
with an ant 'walking' on a globe of Earth.
Cheers, Doug😎
PS the bear didn't eat the ant😁

From Mr Google

Magnetic variation on a chart, also known as magnetic declination, is the difference between true north and magnetic north, expressed in degrees and minutes, either east or west. This variation is crucial for accurate navigation, as compasses point to magnetic north, while charts are referenced to true north. The amount of variation changes based on location and time, and is typically found on the compass rose of a nautical chart.

So it might be a terminology thing in a different country :-)

So I guess we are both correct

Well, this question reminded me of that famous riddle that everyone knows by heart.

Those who don't know it are lucky because it's really fun to try to solve it on their own.

An explorer, after setting up his tent, sets off on a mission. He first travels five kilometers south, then, relying on his compass, he travels another five kilometers east.
But he still wants to explore and changes course again, this time the five kilometers are north and to his great surprise he discovers that he's back where he started. He sees his tent and a bear rummaging around in it.
The question is:
WHAT COLOR IS THE BEAR.

Hi Pat, in the Italian manuals the "declinazione magnetica" (which I translate as magnetic declination) is, as already said, the difference between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north.
The "deviazione magnetica" (which I translate as magnetic deviation) is the difference between magnetic north and compass north.
The "variazione magnetica" (which I translate as magnetic variation) is, instead, the algebraic sum of the deviation and the declination.

I am sure of the concepts but I cannot be 100% sure of the terms, for this reason it is better to hear the opinion of your compatriots or at least of English-speaking members of the forum.

If you tell me the precise terms I would be very happy and grateful.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_declination

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_deviation

I thought the difference between true north and magnetic north was called variation and the difference between magnetic north and the north your compass pointed to was called deviation (not to be confused with strange sexual behaviour lol)

WELL DONE SIMPLESAILOR, YOU ANSWERED EXACTLY!


I waited for someone to get the answer right; but I would have waited for the other part of the world (which usually sleeps when Europe is awake) to read and think about the question.

The definitions were right but only SimpleSailor indicated correctly and precisely where you are if the magnetic declination corresponds to 180 degrees.

Perhaps not everyone is clear on the reason so I will explain why.


General preamble.

First of all, as you have already rightly said, the magnetic declination is the difference between the geographic north pole (true north) and the magnetic north pole, measurable in degrees.
This difference varies from place to place. In fact, nautical charts report this value.
To calculate it, simply make an algebraic sum, considering that if the magnetic north is east of the geographic north, the declination is positive (we add the values), but if the magnetic north is west of the geographic north, the declination is negative (we subtract the values).
To complicate matters, the magnetic north pole moves over time (see image 1), so the year and the degrees to be added for each year up to the current year must be indicated on the map.
In some places, the declination has very high values, and in some places it has very low values ​​or even zero (see images 2 and 3).
In image 4, the blue cross indicates a point (one of many) where it is clear that the magnetic declination is zero (the magnetic north corresponds to the geographic north).



Specific explanation of the actual question.

The only place where the magnetic declination corresponds to 180 degrees is the line (found in the Arctic) that joins the magnetic north pole to the geographic north pole.
To understand this better, look at figure 5. The point indicated by the yellow cross (on Baffin Island, just to give an example) has a certain declination value expressed in degrees.
In the next figure (image 6) the point indicated by the red cross has a greater declination than the previous one (it seems obvious to me even without indicating precise values, just look at the angle formed by the two black segments).
Finally, looking at the last image (number 7) you understand that the point indicated by the green cross (one of the infinite points of the red line that joins the magnetic north pole to the geographic one) has a maximum magnetic declination, that is 180 degrees.

SimpleSailor 1500 points!, very good job!

P.S. Of course, the compass does not indicate magnetic north (unless it is a boat without any iron) but compass north. The difference between compass north and magnetic north is called magnetic deviation.
But that's another story.

Hello sailors of the rough seas !!!
Sometimes, as a landlubber and mountain boy, I don't understand the questions, then I guess by luck!!!
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Bb Michel-C.

Hi Alessandro. Just noticed your question. Could you be standing between the geographic and magnetic north pole.

Oh dear got that one wrong

Pat, Antarctica IS a landmass. Albeit icebound (mostly).

😎

A 180° declination signifies that the magnetic north pole is in the opposite direction of the geographic north pole. This implies that a compass would point directly south from a given location.
Isogon Lines:
Lines on a map connecting points of equal magnetic declination are called isogonic lines. An isogonic line with a 180° declination would pass through points where compasses would point south.
Significance:
While magnetic declination varies across the globe, 180° is an extreme value, suggesting a significant distortion of the Earth's magnetic field at that specific location.

For example, a compass positioned between the magnetic and the geographical North Pole will point due south, towards the magnetic pole and away from the geographical pole, amounting to a magnetic declination of around 180°.

😎

In my opinion you are wrong, but you are very close. In fact the definition is right but the conclusion and therefore the answer is wrong.
However, before telling you my answer and justifying it, I want to wait for other answers or possibly your second thoughts.

You are at the Magnetic South Pole..

Magnetic Declination is the angle between True North and Magnetic North. 180deg Dec puts you at the Magnetic South Pole..

But according to that logic the Antarctic is a land mass so you now have me confused

I guess it depends on where you are. If you are in Antartica, the answer would be The Arctic and vice versa. I think....

Pat I translated earlier that the question was easy.
But your answer is South Pole?
I can't translate quickly and I miss the changes.
You must excuse me Pat, bear with me.

Are you sure Pat?
I think the answer is different but I could be wrong.
Let's wait for the others' answers and then I'll tell you mine.
It could be a nice debate.

Concur...

That one is a tricky question only 2 answers it could be - the south Pole - do I move up one place for that

Good evening everyone, the question I propose is still on the subject of naval cartography.
You can answer even without consulting the internet, just reason on the basis of your geographical knowledge.
Anyone who lives anywhere on the globe (from Alaska to New Zealand) can guess the answer.

If (today) I detect that the magnetic declination has a value of 180 degrees where am I?

A good approximation is enough for me.
Just say the continent and not a precise coordinate for the answer to be considered exact.

Yep, I'm stumbling again!

I remember all the Champs and Bosun dinghy moored in the Lee of Bristol, you had to have your wits about you when coming round the stern to open water, wind and tide could easily catch you unawares. I was in Wallasey unit and taught ME courses at HMS Gannet in Scotland...

This seems a appropriate time to answer the question re Bristol’s secondary role

With the introduction of more ferries running out of Portsmouth- concern was expressed that the turn into the channel would cause excessive wash which could cause the erosion of the shore of Whale Island hence the decision to moor the HTS there
It also created a Lee for alll the boats hosted by the HTS

At one time schools regularly used to take pupils interested in going the navy for an aquaint week and hosted on the HTS

Father was CO of a unit in the Midlands then there were more areas than now

Pat, were/are you in the SCC by any chance? The Gun Run has been somewhat dumbed down in later years on the grounds of "safety"...

The role played by HMS Bristol has been forefilled by a few ships namely:-

HMS Kent
HMS Ulster
HMS Rame Head

Before that cadets were accommodated in North Battery just a short distance from the JR Dining Room

How uncanny Nick my next question after Alessandro comments was going to be what are the origins of the Royal Naval Field Gun Run.

BTW it is still run for any all the Armed Services and is normally hosted at HMS Sultan

Re HMS Bristol. The Bristol has hosted cadet training and summer camps since 1991, giving youngsters a taste of life on board. There was no galley and we had to march the cadets up Whale Island to he Junior Rates mess for feeding. As staff we ate in the Senior Rates mess (officers in the Wardroom) On display in the lobby of the SR's mess was a set of skis and cold weather gear once belonging to Petty Officer Evans of Captain Scott's ill fated polar expedition. There was a gun run training track where the Pompey team practiced what can only be described as one of the most brutal races on the planet. Anyway, back to HMS Bristol, apart from cadet accommodation, the engineering branch carried out slinging exercises, ie moving heavy machinery in confined spaces, and "other branches" of the service carried out what I can only describe as errr, ship invasion techniques. Last time I was on board was over 10 years ago and she was in a state then. It would have cost a fortune to bring her accommodation up to current standards. I believe Sea Cadets have limited accomodation on Whale Island for training courses, boat work courses etc, with HMS Caledonia in Scotland providing unit camp spaces. For those interested I have added a link to video of the field gun race, an event steeped in RN history.

Understood Alessandro - I will bear that n mind should I post anymore- BTW try again on your answer - sorry